Conference Agenda

Microstructural Examination of Gas Migration Influence in Heterogeneous Pellet/Powder Bentonite Mixtures Using X-ray Computed Micro-Tomography

Mohammed ZAIDI, Nadia MOKNI, Magdalena DYMITROWSKA, Kui LIU

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SPDR/LETIS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92260, France

Suitability investigations of Lithuanian clay formations for the deep geological repository of radioactive wastes

Roma Kanopiene

Lithuanian geological survey, Lithuania

Modelling of unsaturated homogenisation with an enhanced bentonite material model using COMSOL Multiphysics

Alex Spetz, Ola Kristensson, Daniel Malmberg

Clay Technology, Sweden

CEC as quality proof for smectitic phases in lower Cretaceous clay rocks – illite-smectite ± pure smectite?

Reiner Dohrmann^1,2, Kristian Ufer¹, Tilo Kneuker¹, Jochen Erbacher^1,2, André Bornemann¹

¹BGR, Germany; ²LBEG, Germany

Multi-scale 2D and 3D characterisation for enhanced understanding of UK lower strength sedimentary rocks.

Kevin G Taylor, Lin Ma, Holly Mills, Xin Zhong, Ke Wang

University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Unravelling the depositional model of the Opalinus Clay using grain-size variability

Géraldine Nicole Zimmerli¹, Stephan Wohlwend², Gaudenz Deplazes³, Thomas Mann⁴, Anneleen Foubert¹

¹Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; ²Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ³Nagra (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste), Wettingen, Switzerland; ⁴Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany

Influence of texture on the chloride accessible porosity fraction explored by SEM and µCT data

Carmen Andrea Zwahlen¹, Thomas Gimmi^1,2, Andreas Jenni¹, Martin Mazurek¹, Daniel Traber³, Raphael Wüst³

¹University of Bern, Switzerland; ²Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; ³Nagra, Switzerland

Exploring the dynamics of aquifer - aquitard systems: new insights from 81Kr model ages

Daniel Traber¹, Nicolas Roy¹, Emiliano Stopelli¹, Michael Heidinger², Florian Eichinger², Christoph Wanner³, Thomas Gimmi³, H. Niklaus Waber⁴, Jin Ma³

¹Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland; ²Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany; ³University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ⁴WaterGeoChem Consulting, Bern, Switzerland

Mont Terri BIM — Project overview and technical realisation

Martin Ziegler¹, Senecio Schefer¹, Stefan Volken²

¹Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo), St-Ursanne, Switzerland; ²Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo), Wabern, Switzerland

Geochemistry and pore water in the lower confining units of the Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri Rock Laboratory (Switzerland)

Ana María Fernández¹, Catherine Lerouge², Francisco Javier León¹, Paula Nieto¹, David Jaeggi³, Michael Kühn⁴

¹CIEMAT, Spain; ²BRGM, France; ³Swisstopo, Switzeland; ⁴Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Germany

Underground storage of high-grade radioactive waste in mudrock: In search of the Holy Grail

Laurence Warr, Georg Grathoff

University of Greifswald, Germany

Development and Emplacement of an Annular Grout Envisaged for HLW Emplacement Drifts to Study Long-Term Interaction with Opalinus Clay

Lukas Martin¹, Wolfgang Seidl², Sebastian Kernbichl², Nicole Wieser², René Bolliger³, Julien Bizzozero³

¹Nagra, Switzerland; ²Master Builders Solutions Deutschland GmbH, Trostberg, Germany; ³Master Builders Solutions Schweiz AG, Holderbank, Switzerland

Monitoring fluid movement and swelling pressure development in semi-technical scale Sandwich sealing system experiments

Martin Hofmann¹, Eleanor Bakker², Franz Königer³, Thomas Nagel¹, Rainer Schuhmann³, Katja Emmerich²

¹TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany; ²Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; ³ISU mbH, Germany

3D Hydro-Mechanical modelling to support the design of the REG experiment in the Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone

Gilles Corman¹, Abhishek Rawat¹, Jean Talandier², Rémi de La Vaissiere², Youssef Fawaz², Frédéric Collin¹

¹University of Liège, Belgium; ²Andra, France

Development of Boron-Enhanced Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers for the Immobilisation of Radioactive Debris with the potential of Neutron Absorption

Xiaobo Niu, Yogarajah Elakneswaran, Ryosuke Kikuchi

Hokkaido University, Japan

Performance of MoxOy pH sensor prepared by thermal oxidation for the long term monitoring of nuclear waste disposals

Djouhar AOUBIDA^1,3, Stéphanie BETELU¹, Johan BERTRAND², quoc-nghi PHAM³, Nita DRAGOE³, Ioannis IGNATIADIS¹

¹BRGM (French Geological Survey), Orleans, France; ²ANDRA (French national radioactive waste management agency), Châtenay-Malabry, France; ³ICMMO (Institute of Molecular Chemistry and Materials), Orsay, France

Cation exchange capacity measurement for bentonite-cement reactions in a nuclear waste disposal - what are we really measuring?

Arkadiusz Derkowski¹, Adam Zięba¹, Reiner Dohrmann^2,3, Stephan Kaufhold³

¹Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; ²tate Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG), Hannover, Germany; ³Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany

Influence of microstructure and pore saturation in measuring corro-sion rates of a carbon steel API 5L X65 in contact with cement grout in future nuclear waste disposal program

Yendoube Charles SANO MOYEME¹, Stéphanie BETELU¹, Johan BERTRAND², Stéphane GABOREAU¹, Karine GROENEN-SERRANO³

¹BRGM, France; ²ANDRA, France; ³LGC, France

Differentiation of fractures and rock mass deformation in clay rocks by Machine Learning

Rushan Wang^1,2, Andrea Manconi^1,2, Martin Ziegler³

¹WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; ²Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC; ³Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo)

Large-scale reactive transport simulations of uranium migration in Opalinus Clay accelerated by means of surrogate models

Marco De Lucia¹, Max Lübke², Theresa Hennig¹, Bettina Schnor²

¹GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Fluid Systems Modelling, Potsdam, Germany; ²University of Potsdam, Institute of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany

Measurement of pore water density in a bentonite using decalin

Hailong Wang

Waseda University, Japan

Development of test specimens for evaluating permeability measurements of tight rocks

Carlo Dietl

Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE), Germany

CP1 and Tribicarb-3D: unique long term and large scale in situ migration tests in Boom Clay at the HADES Underground Research Laboratory

Marc Aertsens¹, Eef Weetjens¹, Joan Govaerts¹, Norbert Maes¹, Stéphane Brassinnes²

¹SCK CEN, Belgium; ²ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgium

EFFECT OF REDOX STATE ON THE REDOX SENSITIVE ELEMENT RETENTION BY APTIAN SANDS

Esra Orucoglu¹, Sylvain Grangeon¹, Myriam Agnel², Benoît Madé³, Mathieu Debure¹

¹BRGM, Orléans, France; ²ANDRA, Centre de Meuse/Haute-Marne, Bure, France; ³ANDRA, R&D Division, Châtenay-Malabry, France

Mechanochemical activation of synthetic Na-n-micas – applications in retention of high-level radioactive waste

Aníbal López-Marín¹, Rosa Martín-Rodríguez^1,2, Fernando Aguado^2,3, Ana C. Perdigón^1,2

¹QUIPRE Department, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, 46, 39005, Santander, Spain.; ²Nanomedicine Group, IDIVAL, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.; ³CITIMAC Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, 48, 39005, Santander, Spain.

Development of a separation method for Am-, Sr-, Pu- and U-isotopes in concrete using extraction chromatography

Gloria Steckholzer, Claudia Landstetter, Krystle Elbers, Rainer Kadan

AGES- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria

Migration behaviour of Ra-226 in the sandy facies of Opalinus Clay

Naila Ait-Mouheb¹, Victor Vinograd Vinograd¹, Martina Klinkenberg¹, Jenna Poonoosamy¹, Guido Deissmann¹, Luc R. Van Loon², Dirk Bosbach¹

¹Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Nuclear Waste Management (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany; ²Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Donnan equilibrium in compacted bentonite

Magnus Hedström¹, Ya-Wen Hsiao²

¹Clay Technology, Sweden; ²Hartree Centre, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury WA4 4AD, UK

Neptunium migration in Opalinus Clay - one experiment with multiple numerical geochemical solutions

Theresa Hennig¹, Madlen Stockmann², Claudia Joseph², Vinzenz Brendler³, Tobias Reich⁴, Michael Kühn^1,5

¹GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Fluid Systems Modelling, Potsdam, Germany; ²Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung mbH (BGE), Peine, Germany; ³Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Dresden, Germany; ⁴Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; ⁵University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany

Effective diffusivity prediction by considering multivariable regression and rock properties

Nikolaos Prasianakis¹, Romana Boiger¹, Georg Kosakowski¹, Raphael Wüst², Sergey Churakov^1,3

¹Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; ²Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland; ³University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

Successful gas tests at the GAs permeable Seal Test (GAST) - Highlights and lessons learned (Grimsel Test Site, CH)

Emiliano Stopelli¹, Thomas Spillmann¹, Bill Lanyon², Rémi de La Vaissière³, Jean Talandier³, Jeremy Chen⁴, Simon Norris⁵, Stratis Vomvoris¹, Irina Gaus¹, Florian Kober¹

¹Nagra, Switzerland; ²Fracture Systems Ltd, United Kingdom; ³ANDRA, France; ⁴NWMO, Canada; ⁵NWS, United Kingdom

Harnessing microbial processes consuming hydrogen in radioac-tive waste repositories

Camille Rolland¹, Olivier Leupin², Rizlan Bernier-Latmani¹

¹École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Environmental Microbiology Labo-ratory, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; ²National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste CH-5430, Wettingen, Switzerland

Geochemical processes in a repository with clay barriers at high saline conditions

Claudia Joseph

Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung, Germany

Cement-Bentonite Interaction with Different Cement Materials at Elevated Temperatures 2: Modeling

Sohtaro ANRAKU¹, Ryohei KAWAKITA¹, Yuji HANAMACHI², Seiichiro MITSUI¹, Hiroshi SASAMOTO¹, Morihiro MIHARA¹

¹Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan; ²QJ Science Ltd., Japan

Comparison of different iron/bentonite exhibition tests and effect of the type of exchangeable cation on corrosion products

Stephan Kaufhold¹, Kristian Ufer¹, Reiner Dohrmann², Franz Renz³, Rene Lucka³, Maximilian Kilic³

¹BGR, Germany; ²LBEG; ³LUH

Concrete-clay interaction – a systematic review and modelling study

Marcelo Laviña¹, Andrés Idiart¹, Olga Riba¹, Fidel Grandia¹, Nicolas Michau², Xavier Bourbon², Benoit Cochepin²

¹Amphos 21 Consulting SL, Spain; ²Andra, France

Studying the reactive transport of CO2 in Opalinus Clay with experimental and numerical analyses

Shuang Chen¹, Christian Ostertag-Henning¹, Vinay Kumar¹, Haibing Shao², Gesa Ziefle¹, Jobst Maßmann¹

¹Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, BGR, Germany; ²Department of Environmental Informatics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

Exchangeable and soluble ion populations in semi-technical scale Sandwich sealing system experiments

Eleanor Bakker¹, Martin Hofmann², Thomas Nagel², Franz Königer³, Rainer Schuhmann³, Katja Emmerich¹

¹Institut für Massivbau und Baustofftechnologie (IMB/MPA/CMM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; ²Institut für Geotechnik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany; ³Ingenieur-Gesellschaft für Sensorik in der Umwelttechnik mbH (ISU), Karlsruhe, Germany

Delving into Bentonite Sedimentation Dynamics

Macarena Leal Olloqui¹, Daniel Svensson¹, Heikki Laitinen¹, Kenji Ishii², Patrik Sellin¹

¹SKB (Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB), Oskarshamn, Sweden; ²Kajima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Leaching kinetics of metakaolin in alkaline solution

Ryosuke Kikuchi, Xiaobo Niu, Yogarajah Elakneswaran

Hokkaido University, Japan

Reactive transport model of the long-term geochemical evolution in the near field of a HLW repository at the disposal cell scale: sensitivi-ties, variants and model simplifications

Javier Samper, Alba Mon, Luis Montenegro

Universidad de A Coruña, Spain

MINFF: A new classical forcefield for (clay-)minerals

Michael Holmboe

Umeå University, Sweden

Five-year laboratory tests of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical evolution of compacted bentonite: an experimental and modelling study

María Victoria Villar¹, Andrés Idiart², Emilie Coene², Jaime Cuevas³, Ana María Melón¹, Ana Isabel Ruiz³, Almudena Ortega³, Rubén Iglesias¹, Ville Heino⁴

¹CIEMAT, Spain; ²Amphos 21 Consulting S.L., Spain; ³UAM, Spain; ⁴POSIVA, Finland

Deriving a Method for Host Rock specific Temperature Compatibility: Clay Rock

Kim-Marisa Mayer, Oliver Czaikowski, Bernd Förster, Matthias Hinze, Artur Meleshyn, Marvin Middelhoff, André Rübel, Klaus Wieczorek, Jens Wolf

Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit, Germany

Influence of temperature on the self-sealing of fractures in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone

Mensan AGBOLI, Dragan GRGIC, Mohamed MOUMNI

University of Lorraine-CNRS, France

Conclusions on the post-yield behaviour of Opalinus claystone from multistage triaxial tests

Eleni Gerolymatou¹, Martin Kracht², Maximiliano Vergara³

¹TU Clausthal, Germany; ²gbm Gesellschaft für Baugeologie und -meßtechnik mbH - Baugrundinstitut, Ettlingen, Germany; ³Skava Consulting, Salzburg, Austria

Effect of pore water salinity on the tensile strength of Boom Clay

Ties de Jong, Bhini Chandan Malagar, Philip J. Vardon, Anne-Catherine Dieudonné

Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

THM-Modelling of the ALC1605 in situ heating experiment in Cal-lovo-Oxfordian clay formation

Eric Simo^1,2, David Seidel¹, Thomas Nagel², Alexandru Tatomir⁵, Miguel Mánica⁴, Jörg Buchwald³, Dmitri Naumov³

¹BGE TECHNOLOGY GmbH, Peine, Germany; ²Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany; ³Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; ⁴Institute of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; ⁵BGE, Peine, Germany

Open-source implementation of a transversely isotropic elasto-visco-plastic damage model for clay shales in MFront and OpenGeoSys

Mehran Ghasabeh¹, Kavan Khaledi², Bastian Graupner³, Florian Amann^2,4, Thomas Nagel¹

¹Chair of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany; ²Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructure and Geothermal Systems IEG, Competence Center Geomechanics and Georisks, Aachen, Germany; ³Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI), Brugg, Switzerland; ⁴Chair of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen, Germany

Numerical simulation of bentonite saturation at different temperatures

Larissa Friedenberg, Artur Meleshyn, Matthias Hinze

Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Germany

Temperature history effect on swelling pressure of Kunigel-V1 bentonite cured in confined condition

Kunlin RUAN

Waseda University, Japan

Evolution of gases in an unsaturated bentonite buffer

Mattias Åkesson, Heikki Laitinen, Patrik Sellin

SKB, Sweden

Changes in swelling and hydrological characteristics of compacted bentonite by heating at 200 °C

Yasutaka Watanabe¹, Ema Yoshikawa¹, Misato Shimbashi¹, Shingo Yokoyama¹, Takahiro Goto², Yoichi Yamamoto²

¹Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan; ²Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan, Japan

Current status of the in-situ interaction experiment at the Bukov URF

Anna Golubko¹, Jan Smutek¹, Jiří Svoboda²

¹Radioactive Waste Repository Authority - SÚRAO, Czech Republic; ²Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

Sampling, Measurements and Analysis of the Clay Barriers in the Prototype Repository at Äspö HRL

Magnus Kronberg¹, Patrik Sellin¹, Daniel Svensson¹, Fredrik Vahlund¹, Torbjörn Sandén²

¹SKB, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company; ²Clay Technology

Investigating thermal coupling in a bentonite buffer

Stamatina Alexandropoulou¹, Lidija Zdravkovic¹, David Potts¹, Matthew Kirby², Simon Norris²

¹Imperial College London, United Kingdom; ²Nuclear Waste Services, United Kingdom

Research into the Impact of Non-homogeneity on the Integrity of Bentonite Materials

Markéta Kučerová, Jiří Svoboda

Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

TH-Modelling for the in-situ HotBENT experiment at the Grimsel Test Site

Victoria Burlaka¹, Eric Simo^1,2, Tymofiy Gerasimov¹, David Seidel¹, Thomas Nagel², Christoph Lehmann³, Jörg Buchwald³, Dmitry Naumov³, Alexandru Tatomir⁴

¹BGE TECHNOLOGY GmbH, Germany; ²Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg; ³Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ; ⁴BGE mbH, Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal

Influence of sand mixture on gas pressure for bentonite

Tomoyoshi Nishimura

Ashikaga University, Japan

Changing of axial strains in creep performance for bentonite-sand mixture

Tomoyoshi Nishimura

Ashikaga University, Japan

Cation exchange simulation in Wyoming-type bentonite considering mechanical issues

Xavier Pintado¹, Rubén López-Vizcaíno², Ángel Yustres², Vicente Navarro², Laura Asensio², Sirpa Kumpulainen¹, Mika Niskanen³

¹Mitta Engineering Oy, Finland; ²Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; ³Posiva Oy, Finland

Benchmarking of Double-Structure Models for the Numerical Simulation of Swelling Clays

Christian B. Silbermann¹, Matthias Hinze², Larissa Friedenberg², Philipp Schädle³, Markus Knauth⁴, Thomas Nagel¹

¹Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany; ²Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; ³Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI), Brugg, Switzerland; ⁴Institut für Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany

3D Modelling of Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Processes in Fractured Opalinus Clay Shale

Muhammad Raharsya Andiva¹, Qinghua Lei¹, Martin Ziegler²

¹Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ²Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo), Mont Terri URL, St-Ursanne, Switzerland

Impact of desaturation on the diffusion of gases in clay-based samples

Elke Jacops¹, Aadithya Gowrishankar^1,2, Norbert Maes^1,2, Pieter Verboven², Hans Janssen²

¹SCK CEN, Belgium; ²KU Leuven, Belgium

Young’s modulus in claystones – adding complexity, reducing uncertainty

Sandra Schumacher, Werner Gräsle

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany

Gas breakthrough simulation using bimodal porosity and mul-tiscale approach

Eike Radeisen^1,3, Hua Shao¹, Jürgen Hesser¹, Michael Pitz^1,4, Wenqing Wang², Olaf Kolditz^2,3

¹Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Germany; ²Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), Germany; ³Dresden University of Technology (TUD), Germany; ⁴Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Germany

Development of a two-phase hysteretic model accounting for water and gas entry pressure for evaluating hysteretic hydrodynamic properties of clay-based materials in a deep geological repository for radioactive waste

Zakaria Saâdi

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), France

Testing device for the visualisation of gas-driven cracks in clays

Joaquín Liaudat, Philip J. Vardon, Michael A. Hicks, Anne-Catherine Dieudonné

Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Erosion of compacted bentonite at elevated temperature

Majid Sedighi, Ziheng Wang, Linhau He, Huaxiang Yan, Mojgan Hadi Mosleh, Andrey Jivkov

The University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Observations and Quantification of Gas Flow in Sand-Bentonite Mixtures using Analogue Tests

Elliot James Muir Bird, Robert Cuss, Phil Neep

British Geological Survey, United Kingdom

FE-G: 10 years of gas dynamics observations at the Full-Scale Emplacement experiment (Opalinus Clay, Mont Terri, CH)

Emiliano Stopelli¹, Typhaine Guillemot¹, Myriam Agnel², Scott Briggs³, Fraser King⁴, Rolf Kipfer⁵, Simon Norris⁶, Nikitas Diomidis¹, Irina Gaus¹, Raphael Schneeberger¹

¹Nagra, Switzerland; ²ANDRA, France; ³NWMO, Canada; ⁴ICC Ltd, Canada; ⁵Eawag, Switzerland; ⁶NWS, United Kingdom

14 years long Gas Experiment in borehole PAC1011 at ANDRA’s Un-derground Research Laboratory: Modelling the injection and transport of an Argon/Helium gas mixture in the Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone under in situ conditions

Nicolas Barret¹, Jean Croisé², Agnès Vinsot³, Myriam Agnel³, Rémi de La Vaissière³

¹INTERA, France; ²INTERA, Switzerland; ³ANDRA, France